This piece examines Butcher or be butchered: understanding the unwitting recruitment by cybercrime groups in China within the broader context of online fraud and mediated communication. It outlines common patterns docume...
Developments in the Law Governing Online Activity: The Criminalisation of Catfishing and Civil Relief in Cases of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
Boland, Michael James (2025) — SSRN Electronic Journal
Type: Journal Article
Country: Ireland
Developments in the Law Governing Online Activity: The Criminalisation of Catfishing and Civil Relief in Cases of Image-Based Sexual Abuse provides a catalog-style overview of recent legal changes addressing online condu...
Recognizing the Evolving Cybercrime Threats in South Africa
Mpuru, Lebogang; Kgoale, Charles (2025) — African Security
Type: Journal Article
Country: South Africa
This article investigates recent cybercrime trends in South Africa (2019–2023) and highlights the persistent threats facing the country’s economy and financial markets. Using a systematic literature review organized thro...
Shifting routines and the industrialisation of scams: the impact of Covid-19 on deception crimes in Hong Kong
Akartuna, Eray Arda; Yeung, Felix Sin Wai; Manning, Matthew; Bish, Alexandre (2025) — Trends in Organized Crime
Type: Journal Article
Country: Hong Kong
Tags: Deception, Fraud, Pig butchering, Romance scams, Covid-19, Hong Kong, Routine Activity Theory, Crime displacement, victim experience, risk factors, measurement, cross-cultural
This study analyzes how the Covid-19 crisis affected deception-related crime in Hong Kong by examining a period from February 2020 to June 2023. The researchers apply an Auto ARIMA time series approach to contrast crime...
A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia
Franceschini, Ivan; Li, Ling; Hu, Yige; Bo, Mark (2024) — Trends in Organized Crime
Type: Journal Article
This catalog entry examines the emergence within the online scam economy in Southeast Asia of a particular victim group—survivors of modern slavery who become entwined with organized illicit networks. It surveys how thes...
The Emerging Trends of Online Romance Fraud in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Sahni Jindal, Sanjeev P. (2024) — Relation between International and National Criminal Law
Type: Proceedings Article
Country: India
Tags: victim experience, offender tactics, psychology, law enforcement, AI misuse, prevention, measurement
The convergence of online connectivity and increasingly capable artificial intelligence has transformed how people form and maintain relationships. Against this backdrop, online romance fraud has emerged as a notable cyb...
The Trajectory of Romance Scams in the U.S
Herrera, LD.; Hastings, J. (2024) — 2024 12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS)
Type: Proceedings Article
Country: United States
Tags: victim experience, offender tactics, platform policy, prevention
Romance scams inflict financial and emotional harm by defrauding victims under the pretense of meaningful relationships. The study explores trends of RS in the United States through a quantitative synthesis of diverse so...
Unveiling the Patterns of Romance Scams in South Korea
Choi, SW.; Lee, J.; Choi, YJ. (2024) — International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning
Type: Journal Article
Country: South Korea
Tags: offender tactics
Romance scams are a form of cybercrime in which fraudsters cultivate online relationships to obtain money, personal information, or access to resources from targeted individuals. Global trends indicate a rising prevalenc...
Victim-offender overlap: the identity transformations experienced by trafficked Chinese workers escaping from pig-butchering scam syndicate
Wang, Fangzhou (2024) — Trends in Organized Crime
Type: Journal Article
Country: United States
Tags: victim experience, offender tactics, platform policy, AI misuse, social engineering, prevention
This study explores the intersection of human trafficking and online romance fraud within the context of the pig-butchering scam (Sha Zhu Pan, 杀猪盘). While the scam is widely recognized for combining romance and invest...
The tinder swindler: Analyzing public sentiments of romance fraud using machine learning and artificial intelligence
Lokanan, ME. (2023) — Journal of Economic Criminology
Type: Journal Article
Country: Canada
This article surveys public responses to romance fraud in online dating contexts, with a case-frame inspired by the phenomenon popularly summarized as "The Tinder Swindler." Positioned within the field of economic crimin...
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