Tainted Love: a Systematic Literature Review of Online Romance Scam Research

Bilz, A. ; Shepherd, LA. ; Johnson, GI. (2023) — Interacting with Computers
Synopsis

Romance scams are orchestrated by online criminals who cultivate a deceptive romantic relationship on dating platforms with the aim of extracting money from victims. This form of cybercrime is harmful and often leaves those affected not only financially ruined but also emotionally distressed. The study surveys the scholarly landscape on romance scams to enhance understanding for researchers and practitioners by methodically examining and integrating both qualitative and quantitative evidence produced in recent years. The review identifies factors that influence victimhood and examines possible countermeasures to reduce the impact of these scams. A broad search covered ten scholarly databases and related websites using terms related to romance scams, and the process adhered to well-established guidelines for systematic reviews. From an initial pool of 279 papers screened, 107 were deemed eligible, and 53 were ultimately included in the final analysis. Three central contributions emerge: profiles and techniques commonly employed by romance scammers, the countermeasures available to mitigate these scams, and the factors that predispose individuals to become either a victim or a perpetrator. Although the body of literature on romance scams is growing, the number of empirical or experimental studies remains limited. The review highlights recurring patterns in how scammers operate and how victims may be drawn into the schemes, while also outlining practical measures designed to curb incidents. The authors conclude with directions for future research and with intervention strategies aimed at addressing victimhood. These strategies are intended for practitioners, law enforcement, and industry stakeholders who confront romance scams in various professional contexts. Overall, the work advances comprehension of romance scams by consolidating diverse strands of evidence and clarifying the elements that shape vulnerability and exposure to manipulation. By identifying common scam features, workable countermeasures, and risk factors linked to both victims and offenders, the study provides a structured foundation for ongoing scholarship and practical action. The concluding recommendations emphasize continued inquiry into victim support and intervention, as well as coordinated efforts across professional domains to deter fraudulent schemes and assist those affected.
Citation style