What do we know about online romance fraud studies? A systematic review of the empirical literature (2000 to 2021)

Lazarus, S. ; Whittaker, JM. ; McGuire, MR. ; Platt, L. (2023) — Journal of Economic Criminology

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconc.2023.100013

Synopsis

This piece examines What do we know about online romance fraud studies? A systematic review of the empirical literature (2000 to 2021) within the broader context of online fraud and mediated communication. It outlines common patterns documented in the literature, describes how offenders cultivate trust and shift interactions onto controlled channels, and notes the role of staged identities, persuasive scripts, and escalating commitment. The discussion situates these elements within themes frequently reported by victims, including emotional grooming, urgency cues, and isolation from outside advice. The work also highlights typical areas of inquiry for researchers and practitioners: factors associated with victim susceptibility, the influence of platform affordances, and touchpoints where prevention or disruption is most feasible. Attention is given to reporting barriers, financial harms, and downstream impacts on wellbeing. Implications emphasize the value of cross-sector collaboration, clearer platform policy enforcement, and targeted awareness strategies informed by real case dynamics. Presented in Journal of Economic Criminology, the piece contributes to ongoing efforts to translate observed scam mechanics into actionable guidance for detection, education, and support.

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